What is Resource Guarding in dogs?

We’ve run into a few instances of resource guarding in the store. A dog picks up a toy or treat, another dog approaches and it degenerates into a growling mess.

Resource guarding is a natural instinct for dogs and most animals. As humans, we practice resource guarding. We don’t like it when people walk into our house and claim it for themselves.

In the dog world, you’ve probably come across a dog acting aggressively in parks when it is guarding a ball or a human with treats.  At home, this may happen when feeding a dog and it means immediate danger to all humans or dogs in the house.

• Let’s take a typical scenario. A dog is chewing a bone and you approach. The dog indicates through growling or some other signaling behaviour that the interrupter (other dog/ human) should back off.
  • The best scenarios would be if the dog chewing the resource deescalates by either ignoring the interruption. Or by dropping the resource for the interrupter to pick up.
  • Alternatively, the interrupter could also calmly walk away and then there is no confrontation.
  • When the interrupter keeps barging in despite the warnings, it can result in an aggressive dog confrontation. In this case the interrupter is acting inappropriately. In other cases, the dog guarding the resource could be guilty of aggression. This happens if it escalates without giving any signaling indication (hair raised, growling etc) or waiting for an appropriate response from the interrupter.

Step-by-step training tips for a dog gets aggressive over food or toys

Depending on the situation and the severity of resource guarding, we find there are 2 approaches. Note that we are not certified dog trainers but have to make quick decisions to ensure dogs are not hurt.

1. The first thing is to identify who is being inappropriate. If your dog is a resource guarder or aggressive towards other dogs when there is food or toys and is being inappropriate, you need to either manage the situation by ensuring the trigger (toy, ball, stick) is not around during a play session.
2. The second approach regardless of whether it is the resource guarder’s fault is to modify the behaviour by trading something of perceived higher value than the resource your dog is guarding.
   • You could use your dog’s favourite treat (e.g. tripe seems to work very well although it smells awful) to trade.
   • Never take away the resource that your dog is guarding without a perceived better exchange or it may reinforce the tendency to guard. If you take something away from me without ever giving me something better, i will prevent you from taking it away in the future.
   • Start at home by trading higher-valued items with things your dog is less likely to guard.
   • Gradually work towards things they are more likely to guard, all the time ensuring that your dog does not get to ‘aggression.’
   • You could use words like “Drop it” as your cue word for trading and over time modify the environment to include another dog etc with the aim of showing that sharing is awesome.

What if the dog interrupting is at fault for causing the other dog’s aggression

Although our focus has been on the resource guarder, what if your dog is the interrupter and behaving inappropriately? Punishing your dog by pinning it down as we have sometimes seen may just lead to confusion or the dog shutting down and not exhibiting regular cues of discomfort.

We’d still recommend owners to train their dogs to “Leave it” as a cue to get your dog to focus on you interrupting the instance they may behave inappropriately. For our dog trainer friends or dog owners who’ve dealt with these situations, how would you train these situations?

Please comment to let us know what you think about this dog training guide? Is there something you would have liked us to include in this guide? Let us know by leaving a comment below.

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